Public Expenditure Tracking Surveys 2007
Ghana, 2007
Reference ID
GHA-GSS-PETS-2007-v1.0
Producer(s)
Ghana Statistical Service, Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Health, Ghana Health Service
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Created on
Feb 15, 2013
Last modified
Dec 05, 2013
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Identification
Survey ID Number
GHA-GSS-PETS-2007-v1.0
Title
Public Expenditure Tracking Surveys 2007
Country
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Ghana | GHA |
Study type
Expenditure Tracking Survey
Series Information
The Public Expenditure Tracking Survey 2007 is the first time an expenditure tracing survey has been implemented as a nationally representative sample survey in Ghana. A previous attempt in 1997 had limited coverage and scope; and was more or less, an exploratory case study or a pilot. PETS 2007, tracked selected items in the education and health sectors.
Abstract
The 2007 Public Expenditure Tracking Surveys (PETS) was implemented by the Government of Ghana as part of measures in taking forward the findings of the External Review of Public Financial Management (ERPFM) in 2006. The PETS was carried out in the education and health sectors to support Government's efforts in streamlining public spending and improving related outcomes in these sectors.
The objective of the Ghana PETS was to increase understanding of the link between public spending and service delivery at the facility level in order to contribute to improving the effectiveness and accountability in the use of public funds. Specifically, the PETS focused on identifying the discrepancies/leakages, inefficiencies and delays in public spending execution for selected expenditures in the education and health sectors.
The PETS was led by an inter-ministerial Steering Committee consists of staff from Ghana Statistical Services, Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning (MOFEP), Ministry of Education, (MOE), and Ministry of Health (MOH). United Kingdom's Department for International Development (DFID) and the Danish International Development Agency (Danida) provided the financial resources for the work and the World Bank provided technical assistance.
After extensive consultations among stakeholders,a few expenditure items were selected for tracking, based on their financial and strategic importance in the sectors. In the education sector, the selected expenditures comprised: capitation grants, textbooks, service activity expenditures (Item 3) and investment expenditures (item 4) in basic education.
In the health sector, selected expenditures were: selected medications and medical supplies, administrative expenditures (Item 2), service activity expenditures (Item 3) and the National Health Insurance Scheme. The survey was designed to be nationally representative.
The methodology of the PETS consisted of charting budget flows and release mechanisms (funds and materials) from the centre until it reached service providers such as schools, clinics and hospitals. Both vertical and horizontal tracking methods, as well as, exit polling were used in the PETS.
The objective of the Ghana PETS was to increase understanding of the link between public spending and service delivery at the facility level in order to contribute to improving the effectiveness and accountability in the use of public funds. Specifically, the PETS focused on identifying the discrepancies/leakages, inefficiencies and delays in public spending execution for selected expenditures in the education and health sectors.
The PETS was led by an inter-ministerial Steering Committee consists of staff from Ghana Statistical Services, Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning (MOFEP), Ministry of Education, (MOE), and Ministry of Health (MOH). United Kingdom's Department for International Development (DFID) and the Danish International Development Agency (Danida) provided the financial resources for the work and the World Bank provided technical assistance.
After extensive consultations among stakeholders,a few expenditure items were selected for tracking, based on their financial and strategic importance in the sectors. In the education sector, the selected expenditures comprised: capitation grants, textbooks, service activity expenditures (Item 3) and investment expenditures (item 4) in basic education.
In the health sector, selected expenditures were: selected medications and medical supplies, administrative expenditures (Item 2), service activity expenditures (Item 3) and the National Health Insurance Scheme. The survey was designed to be nationally representative.
The methodology of the PETS consisted of charting budget flows and release mechanisms (funds and materials) from the centre until it reached service providers such as schools, clinics and hospitals. Both vertical and horizontal tracking methods, as well as, exit polling were used in the PETS.
Kind of Data
Sample survey data [ssd]
Unit of Analysis
Education and Health facilities; Institutions/organizations (comprising the National Health Insurance Scheme, Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning, Controller and Accountant-Generals Department, national, regional and district offices of the ministries of Education and Health; Metropolitan, Municipal and District Assemblies (MMDAs); and individuals (pupils/students and patients polled).
Version
Version Description
v1.0: Final datasets, draft report and other documentation on the Public Expenditure Tracking Survey 2007.
Version Date
2007-05-23
Version Notes
This is the first time the Public Expenditure Tracking Survey has been carried out as a nationally representative study. The previous attempt at a PETS in 1997 was basically a pilot study.
Scope
Notes
The scope of the PETS was the education and health sectors; the facilities and related institutions in these sectors.
Financial and material resources tracked include: education sector - capitation grants, textbooks, public expenditure on service activities, and investment expenditure in basic education.
For the health sector, the items were: selected medications and medical supplies, public expenditure for administration costs and service activities, and the National Health Insurance Scheme.
An exit polling to assess satisfaction of individual users of education and health facilities/services
Financial and material resources tracked include: education sector - capitation grants, textbooks, public expenditure on service activities, and investment expenditure in basic education.
For the health sector, the items were: selected medications and medical supplies, public expenditure for administration costs and service activities, and the National Health Insurance Scheme.
An exit polling to assess satisfaction of individual users of education and health facilities/services
Topics
| Topic |
|---|
| Education |
| Health |
Keywords
| Keyword |
|---|
| Resource flows |
| inefficiencies |
| Delays |
| Leakages |
| Discrepancies |
| Vertical tracking |
| Horizontal tracking |
| Public expenditure |
Coverage
Geographic Coverage
National and Regional coverage
Geographic Unit
Region
Universe
As this is a Public Expenditure Tracking Survey, the universe is the actual pulic expenditure in the health and education sectors, in terms of budgetary flows and releases (ie, financial and material resources).
Producers and sponsors
Primary investigators
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Ghana Statistical Service | Autonomous |
| Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning | Collaborating institution |
| Ministry of Education | Collaborating institution |
| Ministry of Health | Collaborating institution |
| Ghana Health Service | Collaborating institution |
Producers
| Name | Role |
|---|---|
| World Bank | Technical assistance in surveyplanning, methodology and supervision |
Funding Agency/Sponsor
| Name | Abbreviation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Department for International Development (UK) | DFID | Funding |
| Government of Ghana | GOG | Funding |
| Danish International Development Agency | DANIDA | Funding |
| German International Development Agency | GTZ | Funding |
Other Identifications/Acknowledgments
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| PETS Steering Committee | Oversight responsibility for the survey | |
| Metropolitan, Municipal and District Asemblies | MMDAs | Cooperation in providing data |
| National Health Insurance Scheme | NHIS | Cooperation in providing data |
| Social Security and National Insurance Trust | SSNIT | Cooperation in providing data |
| Contrller and Accountant-Generals Department | CAGD | Cooperation in providing data |
Sampling
Sampling Procedure
The survey covered all education and health facilities; exit polling of patients attending health facilities as well as pupils/students attending basic school (primary and junior high school); regional offices of the education and health sectors; metropolitan, municipal and distict assemblies; central/national and regional nodes in the budgetary flows and release mechanisms for the selected resources (funds and materials) being tracked.
The PETS was based on a two-stage stratified nationally representative sample design. At the first stage of sampling, 48 districts (PSUs) were selected using systematic random sampling with probability proportional to size (PPS) method. Determination of the sampling rates by size strata used proportional allocation based on each region's share of the 2006/2007 number of public primary schools in the country.
At the second stage, for education facilities: 15 primary schools, 10 Junior High schools and one Senior High school were selected randomly for each district that had been selected earlier to produce a total of 720 primary schools, 480 JHS and 48 SHS. Additionally, were randomly selected for the entire country. It is worth noting that there are only 38 Teacher Training Colleges and 24 technical /vocational schools in Ghana. For health facilities: seven health facilities (government and mission - hospitals, clinics, CHPS etc), including the district hospital were randomly selected in each of the 48 selected districts. Also, all teaching hospitals and the 10 regional hospitals were included with certainty in the survey.
- Sample size: Primary sampling units (PSUs) were 48 districts.
Education Sector: secondary sampling units (SSUs) were, primary schools 720, Junior High Schools 480, Senior High Schools 48, Teacher training colleges 10, and Technical/vocational schools 7.
In aducation, Regional Education offices were 48, Distrct Education offices 48 and District assemblies 48.
Health Sector: SSUs were, CHIPS/Health centres & clinics/Mission hospital 336, District hospitals 48. Regional hospitals 10, Regional medical stores 10, Regional health offices 10, teaching hospitals 3.
- Selection process was probability proportional to size method.
- Stratification into homogeneous groups was explicit and carried out on the basis of adminstrative region and by type of facility.
- Stages of sample selection was based on a two-stage stratified nationally representative design.
- Level of representation: the survey was representative at the national and regional levels.
- A supplementary list was provide to cater for absent respondents or those not found.
- Sampling frame used: the list of schools from the 2006/07 EMIS data of the Ministry of Education was used as the sampling frame for the Education Sector, while the list of the 2006 health facilities of the Ministry of Health constituted the Health sector sampling frame. All the education (schools) and health facilities had unique identification codes, with district and region information. The primary sampling units (PSUs) were the administrative districts (metropolitan, municipal and district assemblies - MMDAs), which constitute well-defined basic administrative and geographical units for which education and health service facilities data are readily available. Schools and health facilities within the districts constituted the secondary sampling units (SSUs).
The PETS was based on a two-stage stratified nationally representative sample design. At the first stage of sampling, 48 districts (PSUs) were selected using systematic random sampling with probability proportional to size (PPS) method. Determination of the sampling rates by size strata used proportional allocation based on each region's share of the 2006/2007 number of public primary schools in the country.
At the second stage, for education facilities: 15 primary schools, 10 Junior High schools and one Senior High school were selected randomly for each district that had been selected earlier to produce a total of 720 primary schools, 480 JHS and 48 SHS. Additionally, were randomly selected for the entire country. It is worth noting that there are only 38 Teacher Training Colleges and 24 technical /vocational schools in Ghana. For health facilities: seven health facilities (government and mission - hospitals, clinics, CHPS etc), including the district hospital were randomly selected in each of the 48 selected districts. Also, all teaching hospitals and the 10 regional hospitals were included with certainty in the survey.
- Sample size: Primary sampling units (PSUs) were 48 districts.
Education Sector: secondary sampling units (SSUs) were, primary schools 720, Junior High Schools 480, Senior High Schools 48, Teacher training colleges 10, and Technical/vocational schools 7.
In aducation, Regional Education offices were 48, Distrct Education offices 48 and District assemblies 48.
Health Sector: SSUs were, CHIPS/Health centres & clinics/Mission hospital 336, District hospitals 48. Regional hospitals 10, Regional medical stores 10, Regional health offices 10, teaching hospitals 3.
- Selection process was probability proportional to size method.
- Stratification into homogeneous groups was explicit and carried out on the basis of adminstrative region and by type of facility.
- Stages of sample selection was based on a two-stage stratified nationally representative design.
- Level of representation: the survey was representative at the national and regional levels.
- A supplementary list was provide to cater for absent respondents or those not found.
- Sampling frame used: the list of schools from the 2006/07 EMIS data of the Ministry of Education was used as the sampling frame for the Education Sector, while the list of the 2006 health facilities of the Ministry of Health constituted the Health sector sampling frame. All the education (schools) and health facilities had unique identification codes, with district and region information. The primary sampling units (PSUs) were the administrative districts (metropolitan, municipal and district assemblies - MMDAs), which constitute well-defined basic administrative and geographical units for which education and health service facilities data are readily available. Schools and health facilities within the districts constituted the secondary sampling units (SSUs).
Response Rate
Response rates forthe PETS 2007 are: Regional Education Offices (90%); District Education Offices (100%); District Assemblies (100%); Primary schools (96.4%); JHS (100%); SHS (91.7%); Teacher training colleges (90%); Technical/vocational schools (85.7%);CHPS/Health centres & clinics/Mission hospitals (94.3%); Regional Health Offices (90%); Regional Medical Stores (100%); District Hospitals (75%); District Health Offices (100%); Regional Hospitals (90%); Teaching Hospitals (100%)
Data Collection
Dates of Data Collection
| Start | End |
|---|---|
| 2007-05-23 | 2007-07-18 |
Data Collection Mode
Face-to-face [f2f]
Supervision
As quality control measure, scheduled and random field monitoring/supervisory visits were made by experienced and senior personnel from the GSS, Education and Health Sectors to check on the logistics, quality and progress of the data collection exercise.
The field returns were checked and edited manually before data entry
The field returns were checked and edited manually before data entry
Data Collection Notes
Ten teams were formed for the PETS fieldwork which was conducted throughout the country from May 23 to July 18, 2007. Each team comprised a supervisor (1), 4 interviewers (5 in some cases, where the workload is heavier) and a driver.
Generally each team was assigned one region, except Ashanti which had 2 teams and Upper East and Upper West that were assigned to one team.
Each team had at its disposal one 4x4 cross country vehicle/pick-up, which were hired for the exercise.
Generally each team was assigned one region, except Ashanti which had 2 teams and Upper East and Upper West that were assigned to one team.
Each team had at its disposal one 4x4 cross country vehicle/pick-up, which were hired for the exercise.
Data Collectors
| Name |
|---|
| Ghana Statistical Service |
| Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning |
| Ministry of Education |
| Ministry of Health |
Questionnaires
Questionnaires
Twenty-nine sets of questionnaires were designed for the survey
Data Processing
Data Editing
Data capture/processing and cleaning was carried out from mid August 2007 to March 2008. Manual data entry, using CsPro was used.
Access policy
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Government Statistician | Ghana Statistical Service | info@statsghana.gov.gh | Link |
Confidentiality
Ghana Statistical Service (GSS) requires all users to keep information and microdata strictly confidential. In this regard, before being granted access to microdatasets, all users have to formally agree to observe the following:
1. Not to make copies of any files or portions of files to which access has been granted except with the authorization by GSS
2. Not to willfully identify any individual or household or establishment in the microdataset
3. To hold in strictest confidence, the identity of any individual or household or establishment that may be inadvertently revealed in any documents or discussion, or analysis. Such unintended identification revealed should be immediately brought to the attention of GSS.
4. Microdata obtained from GSS are protected by copyright law and therefore not for re-distribution or sale
5. Prospective clients or data users may be required to submit and sign an affidavit of confidentiality of microdata they access
Access conditions
The Ghana Statistical Service as a public institution has the obligation to promote data dissemination to facilitate national development. Making mcrodata available will enable students and the academia to conduct research works, assist investors to take business decision, help the individual to evaluate and take appropriate decisions. It will also assist the government to formulate appropriate policies and programmes to facilitate national development. GSS' policy framework provides access to data through:
1. Public use files. These categories of data sets are accessible by all without any payment. They are available on-line to all interested users, for research and statistical purposes only.
2. Licensed datasets. These categories of data sets are accessible under certain conditions. Thus, prospective clients/data users may access any data based on certain conditions set by the GSS
3. Datasets only accessible on location. We consider this category as a data enclave where some data sets are only accessible at GSS offices and prospective data users and researches have to physically be available at GSS offices for further discussions before data are released. Thus, data enclave would not be linked to the outside world through our web site or other medium.
The following terms and conditions apply:
Before being granted access to the dataset, all users have to formally agree:
1. To make no copies of any files or portions of files for which access has been granted, except those authorized by GSS.
2. Not to use any technique in an attempt to identify any person, establishment, or sampling unit.
3. To hold in strictest confidence, the identification of any establishment or individual that may be inadvertently revealed in any documents or discussion, or analysis. Such inadvertent identification revealed in her/his analysis will be immediately brought to the attention of the GSS.
4. The data and other materials will not be redistributed or sold to other individuals, institutions, or organizations without the written agreement of GSS.
5. The data will be used for statistical and scientific research purposes only.
6. The data will be used solely for reporting of aggregated information, and not for investigation of specific individuals or organizations.
7. No attempt will be made to identify respondents, and no use will be made of the identity of any person or establishment discovered inadvertently. Any such discovery would immediately be reported to the GSS.
8. No attempt will be made to produce links among datasets provided by the GSS with other datasets that could identify individuals or organizations.
9. Any books, articles, conference papers, theses, dissertations, reports, or other publications that employ data obtained from the GSS would cite the source of data in accordance with the citation statement provided with the dataset
10. An electronic copy of all reports and publications based on the requested data will be sent to the GSS.
1. Public use files. These categories of data sets are accessible by all without any payment. They are available on-line to all interested users, for research and statistical purposes only.
2. Licensed datasets. These categories of data sets are accessible under certain conditions. Thus, prospective clients/data users may access any data based on certain conditions set by the GSS
3. Datasets only accessible on location. We consider this category as a data enclave where some data sets are only accessible at GSS offices and prospective data users and researches have to physically be available at GSS offices for further discussions before data are released. Thus, data enclave would not be linked to the outside world through our web site or other medium.
The following terms and conditions apply:
Before being granted access to the dataset, all users have to formally agree:
1. To make no copies of any files or portions of files for which access has been granted, except those authorized by GSS.
2. Not to use any technique in an attempt to identify any person, establishment, or sampling unit.
3. To hold in strictest confidence, the identification of any establishment or individual that may be inadvertently revealed in any documents or discussion, or analysis. Such inadvertent identification revealed in her/his analysis will be immediately brought to the attention of the GSS.
4. The data and other materials will not be redistributed or sold to other individuals, institutions, or organizations without the written agreement of GSS.
5. The data will be used for statistical and scientific research purposes only.
6. The data will be used solely for reporting of aggregated information, and not for investigation of specific individuals or organizations.
7. No attempt will be made to identify respondents, and no use will be made of the identity of any person or establishment discovered inadvertently. Any such discovery would immediately be reported to the GSS.
8. No attempt will be made to produce links among datasets provided by the GSS with other datasets that could identify individuals or organizations.
9. Any books, articles, conference papers, theses, dissertations, reports, or other publications that employ data obtained from the GSS would cite the source of data in accordance with the citation statement provided with the dataset
10. An electronic copy of all reports and publications based on the requested data will be sent to the GSS.
Access authority
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Govenment Statistician | Government of Ghana | info@statsghana.gov.gh | Link |
Disclaimer and copyrights
Disclaimer
The original collector of the data, GSS and any producers or sponsors cited in this document bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
Metadata production
DDI Document ID
DDI-GSS-PETS-2007-v1.0
Producers
| Name | Abbreviation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Ghana Statiscal Service | GSS | Lead documetning institution |
Date of Metadata Production
2012-07-09
DDI Document version
Version 1.0 (MAy 2007)