Ghana Living Standards Survey : 1987-1988
First round
Ghana, 1987 - 1988
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Reference ID
GHA-GSS-GLSS-1988-V1.0
Producer(s)
Ghana Statistical Service
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Created on
Feb 20, 2009
Last modified
Mar 14, 2016
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Identification
Survey ID Number
GHA-GSS-GLSS-1988-V1.0
Title
Ghana Living Standards Survey : 1987-1988
Subtitle
First round
Country
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Ghana | GHA |
Study type
Living Standards Measurement Study [hh/lsms]
Series Information
The Ghana Living Standards Survey, First round (GLSS1) is the first round of the GLSS surveys. GLSS surveys are program designed by World Bank and implemented by national agencies of the participating countries. GLSS was designed to monitor income, expenditure patterns and poverty trends.
Abstract
The Ghana Living Standards Survey (GLSS) is a nationwide survey carried out by the Government of Ghana (Ghana Statistical Service) with the support of the World Bank (Social Dimensions of Adjustment Project Unit). The objective of the survey is to provide data to the government for measuring the living standards of the population and the progress made in raising them. The survey data will permit a more effective formulation and implementation of policies designed to improve the welfare of the population.
The GLSS was launched in September 1987 and is currently planned to be undertaken over a five-year period. The five interval ensures that a steady stream of data becomes available to monitor the impact of the Government's Economic Recovery Program, including the Program of Actions to Mitigate the Social Costs of Adjustment (PAMSCAD). GLSS provides data on various aspects of the GHanaian household economic and social activities and the interactions between these activities. Data are collected at three levels; the individual level, the household level and community level. The results from the household questionnaire administered to 1525 households over the six month period from september 1987 to march 1988. These results provides a first and useful look at key economic indicators however, because the data base does not cover a complete twelve month period, inferences from this sample should be made with caution.
The GLSS was launched in September 1987 and is currently planned to be undertaken over a five-year period. The five interval ensures that a steady stream of data becomes available to monitor the impact of the Government's Economic Recovery Program, including the Program of Actions to Mitigate the Social Costs of Adjustment (PAMSCAD). GLSS provides data on various aspects of the GHanaian household economic and social activities and the interactions between these activities. Data are collected at three levels; the individual level, the household level and community level. The results from the household questionnaire administered to 1525 households over the six month period from september 1987 to march 1988. These results provides a first and useful look at key economic indicators however, because the data base does not cover a complete twelve month period, inferences from this sample should be made with caution.
Kind of Data
Sample survey data [ssd]
Unit of Analysis
Household
Version
Version Description
Version 1.0: Edited anonymized dataset for both internal and external use
Version Date
2008-07-31
Scope
Notes
HOUSEHOLD: Household characteristics, individuals in households, houshold expenses, education, health, economic activities, migration, housing characteristics, agricultural activities.
PRICES: Food prices, pharmaceutical prices, non-food items.
COMMUNITY: Community facilities such as education, road, school, health etc
PRICES: Food prices, pharmaceutical prices, non-food items.
COMMUNITY: Community facilities such as education, road, school, health etc
Topics
| Topic | Vocabulary | URI |
|---|---|---|
| consumption/consumer behaviour [1.1] | CESSDA | Link |
| economic conditions and indicators [1.2] | CESSDA | Link |
| income, property and investment/saving [1.5] | CESSDA | Link |
| agricultural, forestry and rural industry [2.1] | CESSDA | Link |
| business/industrial management and organisation [2.2] | CESSDA | Link |
| employment [3.1] | CESSDA | Link |
| labour relations/conflict [3.3] | CESSDA | Link |
| working conditions [3.6] | CESSDA | Link |
| basic skills education [6.1] | CESSDA | Link |
| compulsory and pre-school education [6.2] | CESSDA | Link |
| general health [8.4] | CESSDA | Link |
| housing [10.1] | CESSDA | Link |
| time use [13.9] | CESSDA | Link |
| fertility [14.2] | CESSDA | Link |
| migration [14.3] | CESSDA | Link |
Keywords
| Keyword |
|---|
| Socio-demographic information |
| Children residing elsewhere |
| Type of dwelling, housing characteristics and housing expenses |
| Education |
| Health |
| Economic activities |
| Migration |
| Agro-pastoral activities |
| Non-farm self employment(expenditures, working condition,revenue,assets etc) |
| Expenditures and inventory of durable goods |
| Remittances |
| Food expenses and consumption of home production |
| Fertility and birth control |
Coverage
Geographic Coverage
National
Universe
The survey covered all household members of all age and sex category who reside in Ghana.
Producers and sponsors
Primary investigators
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Ghana Statistical Service | Office of the President |
Producers
Funding Agency/Sponsor
| Name |
|---|
| World Bank |
Other Identifications/Acknowledgments
Sampling
Sampling Procedure
The methodology that was used reflects the purpose of the survey. To balance the desire for a large, representative sample with the expense of a long, detailed survey instrument, a sample size of 3,200 households was selected. The households were to be chosen in such a manner that each household had an equal probability of being selected. At the same time, the logistics of locating the households and conducting all interviews within a specific time frame required that the households be grouped into "workloads" of 16 households each. A final concern was that all three of the country's ecological zones (coastal, forest and savannah), and each of urban, semi-urban and rural areas (population greater than 5000, 1500 to 5000, and less than 1500, respectively) form the same proportion in the sample as they do in the national population.
To achieve the three objectives simultaneously, a stratified selection process was used. For the 1984 Census, all of Ghana was divided into approximately 13,000 enumeration areas (EAs). From this list it was determined what proportion of the 200 GLSS workloads should be selected from each of the nine zone/urban categories. Two hundred sampling areas were then selected from the enumeration areas in the sub-divided list. For each enumeration area, the probability of being selected was proportional to the number of households contained in that area.
After the 200 sampling areas were selected, households in those areas were enumerated in 1987. Therefore it was possible to take into account changes in the number of households and preserve the self-weighting nature of the sample. The 200 workloads were assigned among the 200 sampling areas with probability equal to the number of households in that area in 1987 divided by the number of households in that area in 1984 and multiplied by the total number of households in 1984 divided by the total number of households in 1987. That is, sampling areas that had greater than average increases in size had a greater than one chance of being selected. Thus, each sampling area was assigned zero, one, two, or even three workloads of sixteen households. The households (sixteen selected and four replacement for each workload) were then chosen randomly from the household list for each sampling area. The resulting list is 3200 households and 800 replacement households in something less than 200 sampling areas (specifically 178 in 1987-88 and 170 in 1988-89). Each group of 16, 32 or 48 households within a sampling area is referred to as a cluster in the GLSS data sets and in this document.
To achieve the three objectives simultaneously, a stratified selection process was used. For the 1984 Census, all of Ghana was divided into approximately 13,000 enumeration areas (EAs). From this list it was determined what proportion of the 200 GLSS workloads should be selected from each of the nine zone/urban categories. Two hundred sampling areas were then selected from the enumeration areas in the sub-divided list. For each enumeration area, the probability of being selected was proportional to the number of households contained in that area.
After the 200 sampling areas were selected, households in those areas were enumerated in 1987. Therefore it was possible to take into account changes in the number of households and preserve the self-weighting nature of the sample. The 200 workloads were assigned among the 200 sampling areas with probability equal to the number of households in that area in 1987 divided by the number of households in that area in 1984 and multiplied by the total number of households in 1984 divided by the total number of households in 1987. That is, sampling areas that had greater than average increases in size had a greater than one chance of being selected. Thus, each sampling area was assigned zero, one, two, or even three workloads of sixteen households. The households (sixteen selected and four replacement for each workload) were then chosen randomly from the household list for each sampling area. The resulting list is 3200 households and 800 replacement households in something less than 200 sampling areas (specifically 178 in 1987-88 and 170 in 1988-89). Each group of 16, 32 or 48 households within a sampling area is referred to as a cluster in the GLSS data sets and in this document.
Weighting
Weights are not computed. This is because there were not enough informations on how the weights were imputed against the variables.
Data Collection
Dates of Data Collection
| Start | End | Cycle |
|---|---|---|
| 1987-08-20 | 1988-08-27 | 5 years |
Time periods
| Start date | End date | Cycle |
|---|---|---|
| 1988-08-27 | 1995-03 | 5 years |
Data Collection Mode
Face-to-face [f2f]
Supervision
The GLSS survey was conducted by ten teams. Each of the ten teams include a supervisor, two interviewers, an anthropometrist, a data entry clerk stationed at the regional office and a driver ( with a landrover).
Data Collectors
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation |
|---|---|---|
| Ghana Statistical Service | GSS | Office of the President |
Questionnaires
Questionnaires
The household survey contains modules (sections) to collect data on household demographic structure, housing conditions, schooling, health, employment, migration, expenditure and income, household non-agricultural businesses, agricultural activities, fertility and contraceptive use, savings and credit, and anthropometric (height and weight) measures.
The community questionnaire collected data on the population of the community, a list of principal ethnic groups and religions, the length of time the community has existed and whether or not it has grown, principal economic activities, access to a motorable road, electricity, pipe-borne water, restaurant or food stall, post office, bank, daily market and public transport, employment, migration for jobs, existence of community development projects, schools and how far from the community, information is obtained on whether it is public or private, data on distance and travel time to the nearest of each of several types of health post, dispensary, pharmacy, maternity home, family planning clinic, type of crops grown in the community, how often and when they are planted and harvested, and how the harvest is generally sold.
Price questionnaire collected information on prices from up to three vendors i.e. food, pharmaceutical and other non-food items.
The community questionnaire collected data on the population of the community, a list of principal ethnic groups and religions, the length of time the community has existed and whether or not it has grown, principal economic activities, access to a motorable road, electricity, pipe-borne water, restaurant or food stall, post office, bank, daily market and public transport, employment, migration for jobs, existence of community development projects, schools and how far from the community, information is obtained on whether it is public or private, data on distance and travel time to the nearest of each of several types of health post, dispensary, pharmacy, maternity home, family planning clinic, type of crops grown in the community, how often and when they are planted and harvested, and how the harvest is generally sold.
Price questionnaire collected information on prices from up to three vendors i.e. food, pharmaceutical and other non-food items.
Data Processing
Data Editing
The quality control of the data collection occurs at three instances. First, on the field, the supervisor randormly visits 25% of the households already surveyed to verify the answers to some key questions. In addition the supervisor periodically attends interviews conducted by each interviewer. Second, in the regional office, the data entry computer package used performs consistency checks, so that inconsistencies and errors in data collected during the first round are immediately reported to the interviewers for verification during the second round. Finally, daily supervisory checks of the data entry process are performed.
Other Processing
The data capture at GSS takes the following forms:
1. Manual data entry
2. Scanning
Data editing of the captured data usually consists of:
1. Verification or double entry
2. Consistency checks
3. Structure edits
4. Quality Control
1. Manual data entry
2. Scanning
Data editing of the captured data usually consists of:
1. Verification or double entry
2. Consistency checks
3. Structure edits
4. Quality Control
Access policy
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dr. Grace Bediako | Ghana Statistical Service | statservice@gmail.com | www.statsghana.gov.gh |
Confidentiality
Ghana Statistical Service (GSS) requires all users to keep information and data strictly confidential. In this regard, before being granted access to datasets, all users have to formally agree to observe the following:
1) To make no copies of any files or portions of files to which access has been granted except with the authorization by GSS
2) Not to willfully identify any individual or household or establishment in the dataset
3) To hold in strictest confidence the identification of any individual or household or establishment that may be inadvertently revealed in any documents or discussion, or analysis. Such inadvertent identification revealed should be immediately brought to the attention of GSS.
Access conditions
Three levels of accessibility are considered by GSS:
1) Public use files, accessible by all
2) Licensed datasets, accessible under certain conditions
3) Datasets only accessible on location, for certain datasets
The following terms and conditions apply:
1. The data and other materials will not be redistributed or sold to other
individuals, institutions, or organizations without the written agreement of
GSS.
2. The data will be used for statistical and scientific research purposes only.
They will be used solely for reporting of aggregated information, and not
for investigation of specific individuals or organizations.
3. No attempt will be made to re-identify respondents, and no use will be
made of the identity of any person or establishment discovered
inadvertently. Any such discovery would immediately be reported to the
GSS.
4. No attempt will be made to produce links among datasets provided by the
GSS with other datasets that could identify individuals or organizations.
5. Any books, articles, conference papers, theses, dissertations, reports, or
other publications that employ data obtained from the GSS would cite the source of data in accordance with the Citation statement provided with the dataset
6. An electronic copy of all reports and publications based on the requested
data will be sent to the GSS.
1) Public use files, accessible by all
2) Licensed datasets, accessible under certain conditions
3) Datasets only accessible on location, for certain datasets
The following terms and conditions apply:
1. The data and other materials will not be redistributed or sold to other
individuals, institutions, or organizations without the written agreement of
GSS.
2. The data will be used for statistical and scientific research purposes only.
They will be used solely for reporting of aggregated information, and not
for investigation of specific individuals or organizations.
3. No attempt will be made to re-identify respondents, and no use will be
made of the identity of any person or establishment discovered
inadvertently. Any such discovery would immediately be reported to the
GSS.
4. No attempt will be made to produce links among datasets provided by the
GSS with other datasets that could identify individuals or organizations.
5. Any books, articles, conference papers, theses, dissertations, reports, or
other publications that employ data obtained from the GSS would cite the source of data in accordance with the Citation statement provided with the dataset
6. An electronic copy of all reports and publications based on the requested
data will be sent to the GSS.
Citation requirements
GSS, Ghana Living Standards Survey (GLSS) 1988, version 1.0 of the public dataset
Access authority
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dr. Grace Bediako | Ghana Statistical Service | statservice@gmail.com | www.statsghana.gov.gh |
Disclaimer and copyrights
Disclaimer
The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
Copyright
(c) 2008, Ghana Statistical Service
Metadata production
DDI Document ID
DDI-GHA-GSS-GLSS1-1988-V1.0
Producers
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ghana Statistical Service | GSS | Office of the President | Compiling, reviewing and archiving of the roles GSS undertook for this surveys |
Date of Metadata Production
2008-07-31
DDI Document version
Version 1.0 (July 2008)